Rodent Sex
Number for Behavior
Total for low range
∑ =
454
Total for high range
∑ =
788
Behavior
Methodology
Observe Before Perturb?
Comprehensive Data Table
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| wdt_ID | Target from | Target from - frequency | Target to | Target to - frequency | Animal Model | Strain | Sex | Frequency | n for behavior - low range | n for behavior - high range | Behavior | Behavior Frequency | Methodology | Methodology Frequency | Virus | Stimulation pattern or CNO dose | Impact on anxiety behaviors | Impact on fear behaviors | Impact on depressive behaviors | Reference | Lab name | PMID (PubMed ID) | Other behaviors run? | Post-hoc confirmation of injections | Observe before perturb? | Observe before perturb frequency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | BLA | 1 | CeA | 1 | Mice | C57 | Male | 1 | 7 | 8 | Elevated Plus Maze | 1 | Optogenetics | 1 | 0.5 μl of: pAAV-CaMKIIα-hChR2(H134R)-eYFP, pAAV-CaMKIIα-eYFP, and pAAV-CaMKIIα-eNpHR3.0-eYFP injected into the BLA | CaMKIIα -ChR2 or NpHR2 @ 5-ms light pulses at 20Hz or constant light for all light-on conditions (5 minutes light off-on-off) | Photoactivation of BLA-> CeA = anxiolytic and Photoinhibition of BLA-> Cea = anxiogenic | Tye et al., 2011 | Karl Deisseroth | 21.389.985 | Locomotion - no effect | Histological verification | No | 1 | ||
| 2 | mPFC | 1 | DRN | 1 | Rats | Long-Evans | Male | 1 | 8 | 16 | Forced swim test | 1 | Optogenetics | 1 | pAAV-CaMKIIα∷hChR2(H134R)-eYFP, pAAV-CaMKIIα∷eYFP, pAAV-CaMKIIα∷eNpHR3.0-eYFP, and pAAV-hSyn∷hChR2(H134R)-eYFP injected into the mPFC or the DRN | CaMKIIα-ChR2 with fiber over DRN or LhB @ pulse trains with 5 ms long 473 nm light pulses at 20 Hz | No effect in Open field test | Photoactivation of mPFC -> DRN increases kick frequency during each light epoch | Warden et al., 2012 | Karl Deisseroth | 23.160.494 | Yes, coronal brain slices stained for DAPI and either rabbit anti-5-HT or rabbit anti-GABA | No | 1 | ||
| 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Open field test | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 4 | mPFC | 1 | LhB | 1 | Rats | Long-Evans | Male | 1 | 8 | 16 | Forced swim test | 1 | Optogenetics | 1 | pAAV-CaMKIIα∷hChR2(H134R)-eYFP, pAAV-CaMKIIα∷eYFP, pAAV-CaMKIIα∷eNpHR3.0-eYFP, and pAAV-hSyn∷hChR2(H134R)-eYFP injected into the mPFC or the DRN | CaMKIIα-ChR2 with fiber over DRN or LhB @ pulse trains with 5 ms long 473 nm light pulses at 20 Hz | No effect in Open field test | Photoactivation of mPFC-> LhB decreases mobility and frequency of kicks during each light epoch | Warden et al., 2012 | Karl Deisseroth | 23.160.494 | Yes, coronal brain slices stained for DAPI and either rabbit anti-5-HT or rabbit anti-GABA | No | 1 | ||
| 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Open field test | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 6 | VTA | 1 | NAc | 1 | Mice | Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-Cre mice or PRV-Cre | Male | 1 | 7 | 19 | Subthreshold social defeat | 1 | Optogenetics | 1 | AAV-DIO-ChR2-EYFP, AAV-DIO-NpHR-EYFP, and AAV-DIO-EYFP virus plasmids (UNC); HSV-ChR2-EYFP and HSV-EYFP (MIT); retrograde pseudorabies virus (PRV)-Cre (Rockefeller University) | ChR2 or NpHR into the VTA @ tonic (0.5 Hz) or phasic (20 Hz) | In non-stressed controls, stimulation had no effect | Phasic stimulation of VTA -> NAc induces susceptibility and Optogenetic inhibition of VTA->NAc induces resilience | Chaudhury et al., 2012 | Ming-Hu Han | 23.235.832 | Immunohistochemical, functional, and electrophysiological validation | No | 1 | ||
| 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | social interaction | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | sucrose preference | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Open field test | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 10 | VTA | 1 | mPFC | 1 | Mice | Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-Cre or PRV-Cre | Male | 1 | 7 | 19 | Subthreshold social defeat | 1 | Optogenetics | 1 | AAV-DIO-ChR2-EYFP, AAV-DIO-NpHR-EYFP, and AAV-DIO-EYFP virus plasmids (UNC); HSV-ChR2-EYFP and HSV-EYFP (MIT); retrograde pseudorabies virus (PRV)-Cre (Rockefeller University) | ChR2 or NpHR into the VTA @ tonic (0.5 Hz) or phasic (20 Hz) | Optogenetic inhibition of VTA->mPFC induces susceptibility | Chaudhury et al., 2012 | Ming-Hu Han | 23.235.832 | Immunohistochemical, functional, and electrophysiological validation | No | 1 | |||
| 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | social interaction | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | sucrose preference | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Open field test | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 14 | VTA | 1 | NAc | 1 | Mice | TH-Cre | Male | 1 | 7 | 12 | Chronic social defeat stress | 1 | Optogenetics | 1 | AAV-DIO-ChR2-eYFP or AAV-DIO-eYFP into VTA | DIO-ChR2 into the VTA of susceptible mice @ 20 Hz/10-s period for five pulses over 20 minutes/day for five days | Photoactivation in susceptible mice reduced social avoidance/increased resilience and normalized the enhancement of Ih channels by triggering self-tuning compensation of K+ channels | Friedman et al., 2014 | Ming-Hu Han | 24.744.379 | Functional validation showed an increase in Ih and corresponding increase in firing | Yes | 1 | |||
| 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Homeostatic plasticity seen only in VTA->NAc projections, not in the VTA->mPFC pathway | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 16 | BNST | 1 | VTA | 1 | Mice | Vglut2 and Vgat | Male | 1 | 6 | 6 | Elevated Plus Maze | 1 | Optogenetics | 1 | 0.3 ml of AAV5 CaMKIIa::ChR2–eYFP into vBNST | CaMKIIα ChR2 in the BNST + fiber in VTA @ single 5-ms, 473-nm light pulses for place preference and constant 20-Hz during other behaviors | Photoactivation of BNST -> VTA glutamatergic projections results in aversive and anxiogenic behavior. Photoactivation of BNST -> VTA GABAergic projections produces rewarding and anxiolytic phenotypes. | Jennings et al., 2013 | Garret D. Stuber | 23.515.155 | Place preference, nose poke | Immunohistochemical staining for neuronal cell bodies | No | 1 | ||
| 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Open field test | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 18 | BLA | 1 | BNST | 1 | Mice | C57 | Male | 1 | 7 | 11 | Elevated Plus Maze | 1 | Optogenetics | 1 | AAV5 hSyn::eNpHR3.0–eYFP, AAV5 CaMKIIα::ChR2–eYFP, AAV5 hSyn::ChR2–eYFP, AAV5 EF1α::DIO-eNpHR3.0–eYFP, AAV5 CaMKIIα::eNpHR3.0–eYFP (all UNC) | ChR2 or NpHR3 in BNST OR BLA @ 10-Hz, 5-ms pulses OR constant light for 5 minute light off-on-off (Elevated plus maze) or 5 minute light off-on-off-on (Open field test) in BNST or projection | Photoinhibition of BLA-> adBNST: anxiolytic | Kim et al., 2013 | Karl Deisseroth | 23.515.158 | Immunohistochemistry [noted in Author Contributions] | No | 1 | |||
| 19 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Open field test | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Photoactivation of BLA -> adBNST: anxiogenic | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 21 | BNST | 1 | LH | 1 | Mice | C57 | Male | 1 | 7 | 11 | Elevated Plus Maze | 1 | Optogenetics | 1 | AAV5 hSyn::eNpHR3.0–eYFP, AAV5 CaMKIIα::ChR2–eYFP, AAV5 hSyn::ChR2–eYFP, AAV5 EF1α::DIO-eNpHR3.0–eYFP, AAV5 CaMKIIα::eNpHR3.0–eYFP (all UNC) | ChR2 or NpHR3 in BNST OR BLA @ 10-Hz, 5-ms pulses OR constant light for 5 minute light off-on-off (Elevated plus maze) or 5 minute light off-on-off-on (Open field test) in BNST or projection | Photoactivation of adBNST-> LH: anxiolytic | Kim et al., 2013 | Karl Deisseroth | 23.515.158 | Immunohistochemistry [noted in Author Contributions] | No | 1 | |||
| 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Open field test | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 23 | BNST | 1 | VTA | 1 | Mice | C57 | Male | 1 | 7 | 11 | Elevated Plus Maze | 1 | Optogenetics | 1 | AAV5 hSyn::eNpHR3.0–eYFP, AAV5 CaMKIIα::ChR2–eYFP, AAV5 hSyn::ChR2–eYFP, AAV5 EF1α::DIO-eNpHR3.0–eYFP, AAV5 CaMKIIα::eNpHR3.0–eYFP (all UNC) | ChR2 or NpHR3 in BNST OR BLA @ 10-Hz, 5-ms pulses OR constant light for 5 minute light off-on-off (Elevated plus maze) or 5 minute light off-on-off-on (Open field test) in BNST or projection | Photoactivation of adBNST->VTA mice = increases place preference/ no change in other behavior | Kim et al., 2013 | Karl Deisseroth | 23.515.158 | Immunohistochemistry [noted in Author Contributions] | No | 1 | |||
| 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Open field test | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 25 | VTA | 1 | NAc | 1 | Mice | D2-GFP | Male | 1 | 4 | 5 | Chronic social defeat stress | 1 | Optogenetics | 1 | AAV-hSyn-ChR2-EYFP or AAV-hSyn-EYFP into VTA of D2-GFP mice, AAV-CaMKII-ChR2-mCherry or AAV-CaMKII-mCherry into mPFC, or vHiPlace preference of D2-GFP mice; AAV-hsyn-ChR2-EYFP or AAV-hsyn-EYFP into VTA | CaMKII-ChR2 @20 Hz 40ms phasic pulses for 10 minutes for VTA photoactivation or 20 Hz 30 second light pulses for 10 minutes for mPFC, amygdala, vHPC; both once a day for 5 days | Susceptible mice display induction of ΔFosB in D2- while resilient mice display ΔFosB induction in D1-MSNs across MSNs in NAc core, NAc shell, and dorsal striatum. Photoactivation of: -VTA and amygdala induces ΔFosB in D1-MSNs in NAc shell and both MSNs i | Lobo et al., 2013 | Eric J. Nestler | 24.259.563 | Immunohistochemistry | No | 1 | |||
| 26 | 0 | mPFC | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 27 | 0 | vHPC | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 28 | 0 | Amygdala | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 29 | mPFC | 1 | N. reuniens | 1 | Mice | C57 | Male | 1 | 8 | 10 | Contextual fear conditioning | 1 | Optogenetics | 1 | mPFC labeled with EGFP by the WGA-cre/2xFlx-TetTox approach; SynaptoTag AAV into N. reuniens and hippocampus | ChIEF @ 4 Hz tonic stimulation or a 30 Hz phasic stimulation, administered for 0.5 s every 5 seconds, stimulus light pulses were 15 ms. during 6-min training period | Genetic inactivation of prefrontal inputs into the N. reuniens enhances fear memory generalization. Phasic N. reuniens photoactivation during training increases freezing in an altered context (overgeneralization) of fear memory. Tonic N. reuniens stimulat | Xu & Südhof 2013 | Thomas C. Südhof | 23.493.706 | Yes, noted confirmed | No | 1 | |||
| 30 | LS Crfr2a+ neurons | 1 | Hypothalamus | 1 | Mice | Crfr2a-eGFPCre | Unknown | 1 | 9 | 17 | Restriant stress | 1 | Optogenetics | 1 | AAV5-EF1A-DIO-hChR2 (H134R)-EYFP, AAV-EF1a-DIO-eNpHR2.0-EYFP (Deisseroth), AAV5-CAG-ArchT-GFP (Boyden) | Photoactivation: prior to (for 30 min) or during testing/stress at 15 Hz, 20ms oykse, 5s ON/OFF. Photoinhibition: prior to (for 20min) or during testing at continous light 20ms ON, 10ms OFF | Photostimulation of Crfr2a+ neurons prior to and during behavioral testing increases anxiety-like behavior. Photostimulation increases anxiogenic response to stress. Photoinhibition prior to and during behavioral testing reduces anxiety-like responses. Ph | Anthony et al., 2014 | David J. Anderson | 24.485.458 | Novel object recognition | Yes, In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry | No | 1 | ||
| 31 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Light-dark box | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 32 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Open field test | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 33 | vmPFC | 1 | DRN | 1 | Mice | CaMKIIa-Cre | Male | 1 | 6 | 8 | Chronic social defeat stress | 1 | Optogenetics | 1 | AAV2/9.EF1a.DIO.hChR2(H134R)-EYFP.WPRE.hGH (Addgene #20298); AAV2/9.flex.CBA.Arch-GFP.W.SV40 (Addgene #22222); AAV2/1.CAG.FLEX.tdTomato.WPRE.bGH (Allen Institute #864); AAV2/9.CMV.FLEX.Synaptophysin-Venus.WPRE.hGH (Anton Maximov, ScriPlace preferences); A | ChR2 or Arch @ sustained blue light stimulation at 25 Hz with 10 ms pulse width phase of chronic social defeat or constant yellow light stimulation, both for 20 min during sensory contact | Photoactivation of vmPFC -> DRN increases avoidance/decreases time in interaction zone while photoinhibition of vmPFC -> DRN decreases avoidance/increases time in interaction zone | Challis et al., 2014 | Olivier Berton | 24.596.546 | Yes, immunohistochemistry | No | 1 | |||
| 34 | BLA | 1 | vHPC | 1 | Mice | C57 | Male | 1 | 7 | 8 | Elevated Plus Maze | 1 | Optogenetics | 1 | AAV5-CaMKIIα-eNpHR3.0-eYFP; AAV5-CaMKIIα-ChR2-eYFP; or eYFP | CaMKIIα -ChR2 or NpHR3 in BLA + stimulate in vHPC @ 10–15 mW at 20 Hz, 5 ms pulses or constant light during light-on (3 min off-on-off) | Photoinhibition of BLA -> vHPC = anxiolytic Photoactivation of BLA -> vHPC = anxiogenic | Felix-Ortiz et al., 2013 | Kay M. Tye | 23.972.595 | Yes, c-fos expression quantification | No | 1 | |||
| 35 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Open field test | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 36 | BLA | 1 | vHPC | 1 | Mice | C57 | Male | 1 | 7 | 8 | Resident-juvenile intruder home-cage test | 1 | Optogenetics | 1 | 0.5ul of AAV5-CaMKII-eNpHR3.0-eYFP (bilaterally); AAV5-CaMKII-ChR2(H134R)-eYFP (unilaterally); or eYFP (all UNC) | CaMKIIα -ChR2 or NpHR @ blue light in a high-frequency train (20 Hz, 5 ms pulses or constant yellow light for 3 minutes | Photoinhibition of BLA-> vHPC increases social interaction in the resident-juvenile intruder home-cage test Photoactivation of BLA-> vHPC projections reduces social behaviors in the resident-juvenile and the three-chamber sociability t | Felix-Ortiz & Tye 2014 | Kay M. Tye | 24.403.157 | Yes, confocal images to confirm viral injection site and optic fiber position | No | 1 | |||
| 37 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Three-chamber sociability test | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 38 | Acx | 1 | LA | 1 | Mice | 129/C57Bl/6 hybrid | Unknown | 1 | 4 | 14 | Fear conditioning | 1 | Optogenetics | 1 | AV-hSyn-ChR2-Venus | Optogenetic CS consisted of 10-msec light pulses that were repeated at 10 Hz, with 2 sec duration stimulus trains separated by 1 sec interval | Optogenetic CS induces fear conditioning and increases freezing | Kown et al., 2019 | George J. Augustine | 25.322.798 | Yes, immunofluorescence and electrophysiology | No | 1 | |||
| 39 | BLA | 1 | mPFC | 1 | Mice | C57 | Male | 1 | 5 | 5 | Fear conditioning | 1 | Optogenetics | 1 | HSV-1 and CAV-2 Cre recombinase into either the IL or PL + ChR2 or NpHR in the BLA @ constant light during CSs | BLA -> IL: Photoinhibition- increase freezing and Photoactivation – decrease freezing. BLA -> PL: Photoinhibition – decrease freezing and Photoactivation - Increase freezing. | Senn et al., 2014 | Andreas Lüthi | 24.462.103 | Immunohistochemistry and viral spread determined by co-injection with beads | No | 1 | ||||
| 40 | BLA | 1 | EC | 1 | Mice | C57 | Male | 1 | 8 | 17 | Fear conditioning | 1 | Optogenetics | 1 | AAV-CaMKIIα-ChR2(H134R)-eYFP); AAV-CaMKIIα-NpHR3.0-eYFP, AAV-CamKIIα-eYFP; AV5-DIO-ChR2-eYFP, AAV5-DIO-NpHR3.0-eYFP, and AAV5-DIO-eYFP into the BLA | CaMKIIα -ChR2 or NpHR3 in BLA + stimulate EC @ constant light during acquisition or 24 hour test | Photoinhibition of BLA -> EC: During acquisition = a reduction in percent freezing. During extinction = no effect. | Sparta et al., 2014 | Garret D. Stuber | 24.834.031 | Fiber location noted, electrophysiology | No | 1 | |||
| 41 | vHPC | 1 | NAc | 1 | Mice | C57 | Male | 1 | 6 | 21 | Chronic social defeat stress | 1 | Optogenetics | 1 | AAV5–CaMKIIa–ChR2–EYFP and AAV5–CaMKIIa–EYFP (UNC); retrograding AAV2/5–CaMKIIa–EYFP (UPenn) | CaMKIIa–ChR2 vHPC, Amy, or mPFC + stimulate NAc @ optogenetic low frequency stimulation (LFS; 473 nm, 10 min, 1 Hz, 4 ms pulse width) 48 hours after Chronic social defeat stress OR acute stimulation (4 Hz, 5 ms) during social interaction | Eric J. Nestler | 25952660 | Optogenetic lower frequency photostimulation of: vHPC->NAc = Increases social interaction time and mPFC or Amy -> NAc = no change. Photostimulation during social interaction: vHPC->NAc= reduces social interaction time and mPFC or Amy –> NAc = increases s | Bagot et al., 2015 | Yes, immunohistochemistry | Yes | 1 | |||
| 42 | ILT | 1 | Ventral striatum (vSTR) | 1 | Mice | C57 | Male | 1 | 11 | 18 | Chronic social defeat stress | 1 | Optogenetics | 1 | 0.5 μl rAAV2/5CMV.Cre-GFP (UPenn) into vSTR; pAAV-Ef1a-DIO-EYFP (DIO-EYFP) or pAAV-Ef1a-DIO-ChR2 (H134R)-EYFP (DIO-ChR2) into ILT or PFear conditioning; pAAV2/8-CMV-DIO-Agatoxin-mCherry and pAAV2/8-CMV-DIO-cono-toxin-EYFP | ChR2 or NpHR3.0 into the into the vSTR @ five 20 Hz (20-ms pulse width) 1 sec bursts with 498-nm laser during a 2.5 min social interaction or yellow light during social interaction | Photoactivation of ILT-> vSTR reduces social interaction time | Christoffel et al., 2015 | Scott J Russo | 26.030.846 | Yes, immunohistochemical staining | No | 1 | |||
| 43 | 0 | Medium spiny neurons (MSNs) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 44 | PL | 1 | PVT | 1 | Rats | Sprague-Dawley | Male | 1 | 7 | 8 | Fear conditioning | 1 | Optogenetics | 1 | AAV5:CaMKIIα::eNpHR3.0-eYFP | CaMKIIα-eNpHR @ constant light 10 seconds before and during tone | Photoinhibition of: 1) PL only = hinders retrieval at 6 hours and 7 days post fear conditioning 2) PL->PVT = hinders retrieval 7 days post conditioning 3) PVT-> | Do-Monte et al., 2015b | Gregory J Quirk | 25.600.268 | Yes, cFos immunocytochemistry 90 min post-fear retrieval; image included | Yes | 1 | |||
| 45 | 0 | CeA | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 46 | 0 | BLA | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 47 | BLA | 1 | CeM | 1 | Mice | C57 | Male | 1 | 6 | 9 | Nose poke | 1 | Optogenetics | 1 | AAV5-EF1α-DIO-eNpHR3.0-eYFP or AAV5-EF1α-DIO-eYFP into BLA; mixture of CAV2-cre and herpes simplex virus carrying cre recombinase and the fluorescent reporter mCherry under the control of EF1α promoter into NAc or CeM | Rabies viral (RV)- ChR2 in the NaC or CeM OR CAV-NpHR in the NAc or CeM. Stimulate in the BLA @ 20 Hz, 5 ms light pulses or 4 seconds during conditioning and 7.5 seconds reward conditioning | Photoactivation of BLA -> CeM enhances fear learning. Photoinhibition of BLA->CeM impairs fear learning, enhances reward learning. | Namburi et al., 2015 | Kay M. Tye | 25.925.480 | Photoactivation of BLA -> NAc increases reward behavior | Histology and off-line analysis of AMPAR/NMDAR ratios, paired pulse ratios and electric properties; images included | Yes | 1 | ||
| 48 | 0 | NAc | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 49 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fear conditioning | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 50 | CeL | 1 | PVT | 1 | Mice | C57 and Som-Cre | Male and female | 1 | 13 | 13 | Fear conditioning | 1 | DREADDs | 1 | AAV-DIO-hM4Di-mCherry, AAV-DIO-eYFP, AAV-GFP-Cre, AAV-ChR2-YFP, and AAV-TRE-hGFP-TVA-G (UNC); AAV-fDIO-CreGFP and AAV-fDIO-mCherry; AAV-Ef1a-fDIOYFP (K. Deisseroth) | CAV2-Cre in the CeL + hM4Di into the PVT with CNO 40 min before test | Chemogenetic inhibition of CeL-> PVT during either conditioning or 24 hr memory retrieval test impairs fear retrieval | Penzo et al., 2015 | Bo Li | 25.600.269 | Yes, histologically confirmed | Yes | 1 | |||
| 51 | DG | 1 | BLA | 1 | Mice | cFos tTA + TEtTag | Male | 1 | 12 | 18 | Open field test | 1 | 0 | pAAV9-TRE-ChR2-mCherry; pAAV9-TRE-mCherry; pAAV9-TRE-ArchT-eGFP (all UMass) | ChR2 was trapped in DG with DOX during a positive experience. TRE-ArchT into the BLA of c-fos-tTA mice for activity-dependent ArchT labeling of axonal terminals from the BLA to the NAcc. Stimulate NAcc and DG (ChR2) @ 20 Hz, 15 ms pulse width, ∼15–20 mW b | Optically reactivating positive engram DG cells in stressed animals rescued depressive-like behaviors with no effect on anxiety-like phenotypes. Optical reactivation of positive engram DG cells reactivated the BLA and NAcc. Photoinhibition of BLA -> NAcc | Ramirez et al., 2015 | Susumu Tonegawa | 26.085.274 | Yes, 99% confidence intervals to confirm blue or red light stimulation period | No | 1 | ||||
| 52 | 0 | NAc | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 53 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Elevated Plus Maze | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 54 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Tail suspension | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 55 | 0 | 0 | 0 | sucrose preference | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 56 | vHPC | 1 | mPFC | 1 | Rats | Sprague-Dawley | Male | 1 | 8 | 9 | Forced swim test | 1 | Optogenetics and DREADDs | 1 | AV2-hSyn-hChR2(H134R)eYFP, AAV2-hSyn-eNpHR3.0-EYFP, or AAV2-hSyn-EYFP, AV2-hSyn-DIOhm3D-mcherry | ChR2 or eNpHR3.0 @ 30 mW blue light pulses at 20 Hz or 20 mW yellow light continuously for 10 min (4 min in the home cage and 6 min during FST). hm3D + trans-synaptic (WGA)-Cre virus into the vPC, 0.5 mg/kg IP 30 min prior to testing. | Photoactivation of vHippo-> mPFC increased climbing and decreased swimming in FST; no overall effect on immobility. DREADD activation of the vHPC–> mPFC pathway recapitulates the antidepressant response to ketamine. | Carreno et al., 2015 | D J Lodge | 26.619.811 | Yes, noted confirmed by reporter gene expression | No | 1 | |||
| 57 | BLA | 1 | mPFC | 1 | Mice | C57 | Male | 1 | 9 | 12 | Elevated Plus Maze | 1 | Optogenetics | 1 | AAV5-CaMKllα-eNpHR3.0-eYFP; AAV5-CaMKllα-ChR2(H134R)-eYFP; AAV5-CaMKllα-eYFP (all UNC) | CaMKIIα - ChR2 activation @ 20Hz, 5mW/5s pulses OR CaMKIIα - NpHR @ 5 mW of constant yellow light at light on (3-min epochs: OFF-ON-OFF) | Photoactivation of BLA inputs to the mPFC: anxiogenic effects + reduction in social interaction. Photoinhibition of BLA inputs to the mPFC: anxiolytic effects + increase in social interaction. | Felix-Ortiz et al., 2016 | K.M. Tye | 26.204.817 | Yes, noted confirmed | No | 1 | |||
| 58 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Open field test | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 59 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Resident-intruder social interaction test | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 60 | LHb | 1 | LDT | 1 | Mice | VGAT-ChR2(H134R)-eYFP (VGAT), GAD67-GFP (GAD67), PV-Cre, PV-GFP, SOM-Cre | Male | 1 | 5 | 15 | Open field test | 1 | Optogenetics | 1 | AAV2/8-CAG-Flex-revChR2(H134R)-mcherry, AAV2/9-CAG-Dio-eArch3.0-eGFP, or AAV2/9-CAG-Dio-TVA-eGFP + AAV2/9-CAG-Dio-RG + RV-EvnA-DsRed | Optogenetic stimulation of GABAergic transmission in the LDT induces anxiety-like responses. | Photonhibition of excitatory neurons in the LDT induced fear-like behavior. Photonhibition of PV+ LDT interneurons reduced TMT-induced freezing responses while activation increased while photoctivation of SOM+ interneurons in the LDT reduced TMT-induced f | Yang et al., 2016a | Mu-ming Poo | 27.595.384 | Stress responses (heart rate, fecal manner, etc) | Immunohistochemistry | Yes | 1 | ||
| 61 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Elevated Plus Maze | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 62 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Freezing to odor | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 63 | mPFC | 1 | dPAG | 1 | Mice | C57 and Vglut2 Cre | Male | 1 | 10 | 12 | Chronic social defeat stress | 1 | DREADDs | 1 | AAV-Syn::Venus-2A-HA-hM4D | hM4D with CNO 5 min before SI testing (1 week after defeat) or 45 minutes before SI testing (Vglut2) | Pharmacogenetic inhibition of mPFC -> PAG: increase social avoidance and disinhibits PAG. Selective inhibition of glutamatergic neurons in the PAG reduce social avoidance. | Franklin et al., 2017 | Cornelius T Gross | 28.067.904 | Confirmed using confocal microscopy | Yes | 1 | |||
| 64 | avBNST | 1 | PVH | 1 | Rats | Sprague Dawley | Male | 1 | 3 | 7 | Tail suspension | 1 | 0 | ChR2(E123A)-eYFP, ChR2 or enhanced archaerhodopsin 3.0-eYFP under the control of a pan-neuronal promoter (humansynapsin-1, hSyn) (UNC) | ChR2 or NpHR @ 5 ms pulses of 473 nm light at 20 Hz or constant illumination with 561 nm light during the entire 10-minute assay | Photoinhibition of avBST increases immobility in TS and endocrine markers of HPA activation. Photoactivation of avBST decreases CORT 10 and 90 minutes post TS with no effect on behavior. Photoinhibition of avBST -> PVH increases endocrine markers. Photoi | Johnson et al., 2016 | Jason J. Radley | 27.535.914 | Yes, immunohistochemistry confirmation | No | 1 | ||||
| 65 | 0 | vlPAG | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 66 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Forced swim test | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 67 | vHPC | 1 | BLA | 1 | Mice | C57 | Male | 1 | 6 | 12 | Fear conditioning | 1 | Optogenetics | 1 | pAAV-EF1α-DIO-rabG (AAV-DIO-G) (K. Deisseroth, Stanford); AAV2/7-EF1α-DIO-rabG (UPenn) | CAV-Cre in the vHPC + DIO-G into the amygdala + rabiesΔG-ArchT- in the amygdala @ 15 – 20 mW during behavior | Contextual fear memory retrieval: Photoinhibition of vHPC→ BLA reduces context-induced freezing while vHPC→CEA projection has no effect. Fear renewal: Inhibition of vHPC→CEA reduces freezing while vHC -> BLA has no effect. | Xu et al., 2016 | Andreas Lüthi | 27.773.481 | Yes, immunohistochemistry confirmation | No | 1 | |||
| 68 | 0 | CeA | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 69 | LA | 1 | ACx | 1 | Mice | C57 | Male | 1 | 3 | 9 | Fear conditioning | 1 | Optogenetics and DREADDs | 1 | 0.1–0.2 μl of AAV-SYN-EGFP in LA, 0.2–0.6 μl into MG, or 1 μl into ACC; 0.8–1 μl of AAV-SYN-HA-hM4D-ires-mCitrine, AAV-CamKIIa-eArch3.0-2A-EYFP and AAV-CamkIIa-ChR2-mCherry | hM4D into LA with CNO infusion into ACx, eArch3.0 into the LA and fiber in superficial layers of ACx with light on during fear expression | Selective silencing of LA-> ACx pathway impairs fear memory retrieval and reduces fear responses | Yang et al., 2016b | Hao Wang | 26.727.549 | Yes, reporter gene expression | No | 1 | |||
| 70 | BLA | 1 | PL | 1 | Mice | C57 | Male | 1 | 5 | 20 | Fear extinction | 1 | Optogenetics | 1 | LT-HSV-hEF1α-mCherry-IRES-Cre into mPFC and AAV5-EF1α-DIO-eYFP into BLA; rAAV5-CaMKIIα-ChETATC-p2a-eYFP or rAAV5-CaMKIIα-eYFP into BLA | Fast ChR2 variant ChETATC under a CaMKIIα promoter in BLA + probe in PL or IL @ an optogenetic high frequency stimulation procedure (oHFS): 9-s bursts of 100 Hz, 3-ms blue light pulses every 60 s for 15 min | BLA–PL oHFS before acquisition impairs fear consolidation. BLA–PL oHFS before extinction facilitates within-session extinction of cued fear but fear retrieval in maintained. BLA–IL oHFS before acquisition impairs fear consolidation. BLA–IL oHFS before ext | Klavir et al., 2017 | Ofer Yizhar | 28.288.126 | Yes, noted confirmed | No | 1 | |||
| 71 | 0 | IL | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 72 | VP | 1 | LhB | 1 | Mice | PV-Cre | Male and female | 1 | 5 | 15 | Chronic social defeat stress | 1 | Optogenetics and DREADDs | 1 | pAAV-phSyn1(S)-FLEX-tdTomato-T2A-SypEGFP-WPRE (Addgene plasmid #51509) and pAAV-EF1α-DIO-oPBG (Edward M. Callaway); pCAG-smFP-FLAG, pCAG-smFP-HA, pCAG-smFP-Myc, and pCAG-smFP-V5 (Addgene #59756–59759); pAAV-EF1a-fDIO-hChR2(H134R)-eYFP (Addgene #55639); A | NpHR or ChR2 in PV+ VP & stimulate in VTA or LhB @ light epochs of 3 min OFF / 3 min ON / 3 min OFF or 5 min OFF/5 min for tail suspension test. In the VTA: 5 pulse, 40 ms, 20 Hz /twice a day, In the LhB: 20 Hz, 5 ms/day. hM4Di with CNO 30 minutes before | Photoinhibition of VP only promotes resilience: SI ratio increases & sucrose preference remains intact, No rescue tail suspension test. Photoinhibition of VTA only increases SI ratio. Photoinhibition of LHb decreases time immobile in TST only. Photoinhibi | Knowland et al., 2017 | Byung Kook Lim | 28.689.640 | Yes, noted confirmed | Yes | 1 | |||
| 73 | 0 | VTA | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 74 | 0 | 0 | 0 | social interaction | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 75 | 0 | 0 | 0 | sucrose preference | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 76 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Tail suspension | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 77 | DRN | 1 | BNST | 1 | Mice | C57 | Male and female | 1 | 7 | 10 | Fear conditioning | 1 | Optogenetics and DREADDs | 1 | rAAV5-ef1α-DIO-hChR2(H134R)-eYFP or rAAV5-ef1α-DIO-eYFP; rAAV8-hsyn-DIO-hM3D(Gq)-mCherry, rAAV8-hsyn-DIO-hM4D(Gi)-mCherry, or rAAV8-hsyn-DIO-mCherry; HSV-hEF1α-mCherry, HSV-ef1α-LSL1-mCherry-IRES-flpo, and HSV-ef1α-IRES-Cre into VTA and LH (MIT); AAVdj-h | ChR2 in 5-HT DRN neurons + stimulate BNST @ 20 Hz. hM4Di or hM3D into BNST of Crf-CRE mice with CNO prior to behavior. | Photoactivation increases anxiety-like behavior in both the elevated plus maze and NSF, and has no effect in open field test. Chemogenetic inhibition of CRF BNST neurons blocks the effects of fluoxetine on anxiety- and fear-related behavior. | Photoactivation increases both cued and contextual fear conditioning. Chemogenetic activation signaling impairs the ability of fluoxetine to enhance cued fear recall. | Marcinkiewcz et al., 2016 | Thomas L. Kash | 27.556.938 | Locomotion and food intake | Yes, immunohistochemically confirmed | Yes | 1 | |
| 78 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Elevated Plus Maze | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 79 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Novelty suppressed feeding | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 80 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Open field test | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 81 | LC | 1 | BLA | 1 | Mice | C57 | Male | 1 | 4 | 10 | Pavlovian conditioned place aversion | 1 | Optogenetics | 1 | AAV-EF1a-DIO-eYFP and pAAV-EF1a-double floxed-hChR2(H134R)-eYFP-WPRE-HGHp (Deisseroth Lab, Stanford University) | ChR2 under tyrosine hydroxylase promoter in the LC @ 5 Hz, 10 ms light in BLA | Photoactivation of LC-> BLA evokes norepinephrine release in the BLA, conditions aversion, and increases anxiety-like behavior | McCall et al., 2017 | Michael R Bruchas | 28.708.061 | Yes, immunohistochemistry reveals that cFos present following LC-NE terminal activation in the BLA, overlaps significantly more with vHPC- and CeA-targeted compared to NAc-targeted CTB in the BLA | Yes | 1 | |||
| 82 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Open field test | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 83 | MDT | 1 | mPFC | 1 | Mice | GluN2B floxed | Male | 1 | 10 | 17 | Forced swim test | 1 | DREADDs | 1 | AAV2-CaMKII(0.4)-GFP(or RFP)-T2A-iCre or AAV2-CaMKII(0.4)-GFP(or RFP) | DIO- hM3Dq in the MDT + CAV-cre into mPFC with IP 1 mg/kg CNO | Chemogenetic activation of the MDT→mPFC circuit is sufficient to decrease depression-like behavior (no effect Open field test) | Miller et al., 2017 | Benjamin J. Hall | 28.834.750 | Yes, histologically confirmed | No | 1 | |||
| 84 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Tail suspension | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 85 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Open field test | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 86 | VTA | 1 | NAc | 1 | Mice | C57 | Male | 1 | 5 | 11 | Chronic social defeat stress | 1 | Optogenetics | 1 | AAV2.5-hsyn-ChR2-EYFP (UPenn) | Retrograde AAV ChR2 into the NAc and stimulate VTA @ phasic 20 Hz firing for 5 min immediately after or during the daily defeat stress | Phasic photostimulation post-defeat exacerbates the effect of chronic social defeat stress. *normalized by BDNF-TrkB blockade in NAc and BDNF knockdown in the VTA | Wook Koo et al., 2016 | Eric J. Nestler | 26.858.215 | Yes, histologically confirmed | No | 1 | |||
| 87 | CeL | 1 | BNST | 1 | Rats | Sprague Dawley | Male | 1 | 8 | 13 | Fear conditioning | 1 | Optogenetics | 1 | AV-CRF-ArchT-EGFP-WPRE-SV40 (Penn Vector Core) | Inhibition 30 seconds before, 1 second during, and 29 seconds following CS | Photoinhibition of CeL CRF+ neurons during acquisition disrupts 24 hour retention test at later time points of the test | Asok et al., 2018 | J B Rosen | 28.439.099 | Immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and electrophysiology | No | 1 | |||
| 88 | IL | 1 | BLA | 1 | Mice | C57 | Male | 1 | 8 | 10 | Fear extinction | 1 | DREADDs | 1 | HSV-hEF1α-mCherry-IRES-cre (MIT Vector Core), AAV8-hSyn-DIOHA-KORD-P2A-mCitrine (UNC Vector Core) | Directly before fear extinction acquisition session, mice were subcutaneously injected with 17 mg/kg Salvinorin B (Sal-B) in DMSO at a 1 μl/g body weight | Chemogenetic inhibition of IL to BLA neurons during extinction impairs later extinction retrieval | Bloodgood et al., 2018 | Thomas L. Kash | 29.507.292 | Immunohistochemistry | Yes | 1 | |||
| 89 | PL | 1 | DRN | 1 | Rats | Sprague Dawley | Male and female | 1 | 9 | 10 | Juvenile social exploration | 1 | DREADDs | 1 | AAV2-retro-eSyn-eGF-T2A-iCre-WPRE (Cre); AAV8-hSyn-DIO-hM4Di(Gi)-mCherry (hM4Di); AAV-hSyn-DIO-mCherry (mCherry); AAV-NLS-RAM-mKate2 (RAM) | hM4Di with 3.0 mg/kg CNO 30 min before receiving a single injection of ketamine (10 mg/kg) | Ketamine acutely activates a PL->DRN pathway and when given one week before uncontrollable stressors, prevents deficits in juvenile social exploration. Chemogenetic inhibition of PL->DRN pathway: prevents the effect of prior ketamine on juvenile social ex | Dolzani et al., 2018 | S. F. Maier | 29.516.036 | Yes, noted confirmed | No | 1 | |||
| 90 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Uncontrollable stressors | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 91 | LDTg | 1 | VTA | 1 | Mice | C57 and ChAT-IRES-Cre | Male | 1 | 8 | 19 | Chronic social defeat stress | 1 | DREADDs | 1 | AAV8-hSyn-hM4D-mCherry | 1 mg/kg CNO 30 min prior to test | Chemogenetic inhibition of cholinergic LDTg neurons prevents defeat-induced VTA DA neurons dysregulation and subsequent depressive-like behaviors | Fernandez et al., 2018 | Jacques Barik | 30.361.503 | No | 1 | ||||
| 92 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Open field test | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 93 | 0 | 0 | 0 | sucrose preference | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 94 | vCA1 | 1 | LH | 1 | Mice | C57BL/6J and DBA/2 | Male | 1 | 9 | 12 | Open field test | 1 | Optogenetics | 1 | AAV5-CaMKIIa-hChR2(H134R)- eYFP; AAV5-CaMKIIa-eYFP; AAV5-CaMKII-ArchT-GFP; AAV5-CAG-Flex-ArchT-GFP (All UNC); AAV1-Syn-GCaMP6f.WPRE.SV40; AAV1-Syn-Flex- GCaMP6f.WPRE.SV40 (All UPenn) | ArchT in vCA1 pyramidal neurons @ selective silencing in anxiogenic zone. ChR2 in vCA1 and fiber in BLA or LHA @ 5-8mW of 5ms 10-20 Hz light pulses. Test conditions are as follows - Open field test: 3 min off, on, offPlace preference: 10 min off, 10 on | Photoinhibition of vCA1: increases time in open arms and center. Photoactivation of vCA1 -> LH increases anxiety and avoidance. | Photoactivation of vCA1 -> BLA impairs contextual fear memory | Jimenez et al., 2018 | Mazen A. Kheirbik | 29.397.273 | Place preference | Confirmed by visualization of fluorescent terminals in the BA but not LHA subfield of vCA1-BA labeled mice, and fluorescent terminals in the LHA but not BA subfields in vCA1-LHA labeled mice; images included | Yes | 1 | |
| 95 | 0 | BLA | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 96 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fear conditioning | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 97 | BLA | 1 | mPFC | 1 | Mice | C57BL/6J and DBA/2J | Male | 1 | 19 | 19 | Chronic stress | 1 | Optogenetics | 1 | AAV5/CaMKII-hChR2(H134R)-eYF or rAAV5/CaMKII-eYFP (UNC) | CaMKII-ChR2 @ 20 Hz, 5 ms pulse-width for 3 on, 3 off, 3 on | Photoactivation of the BLA->mPFC circuit increases anxiety-like behavior in unstressed mice. Chronic stress alters presynaptic glutamate release from BLA projections to the dmPFC. | Lowery-Gionta et al., 2018 | Thomas Louis Kash | 29.959.957 | Yes, and cases of missed placement were removed from all datasets | No | 1 | |||
| 98 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Elevated Plus Maze | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 99 | vHPC | 1 | IL | 1 | Rats | Wistar | Male | 1 | 5 | 17 | Fear conditioning | 1 | DREADDs | 1 | AAV5-CamKIIα-hM4D(Gi)-mCherry, AAV5-CamKIIα-mCherry, AAV5-hSyn-DIO-hM4D(Gi)-mCherry, AAV8-hSyn-DIO-GFP, AAV5-hSyn-DIO-hM3D(Gq)-mCherry, and AAV8-CamKIIα-GFP (UNC); CAV2-Cre (Montpellier); AAV5-CMV-HI-eGFP-Cre-WPRE-SV40, AAV2/5-CAG-ChR2-Venus-WSV40, AAV2/5 | Cav-Cre in the IL + hM3D or hM4Ddi in the vHPC with CNO (1-3 mg/kg) 30 minutes before test | Pharmacogenetic activation of vHPC→ IL leads to fear relapse. Pharmacogenetic silencing of vHPC→ IL decreases fear renewal.Pharmacogenetic silencing of the vHPC decreases fear renewal.*vHPC projections generate a feed-forward inhibition of IL pyramidal | Marek et al., 2018 | Pankaj Sah | 29.403.033 | Yes, table to confirm | No | 1 | |||
| 100 | IL | 1 | PL | 1 | Rats | C57 | Male and female | 1 | 7 | 10 | Fear extinction | 1 | Optogenetics | 1 | AAV2/5.CAG.ChR2-Venus.WSV40/AAV2.5.hSyn.hChR2(H134R).eYFP.WPRE.hGH | 1-s optical stimulation with each CS presentation at 15-ms light pulses, 30 Hz | Photoctivation of IL to PL enhances fear extinction | Marek et al., 2018b | Pankaj Sah | 29.686.260 | Immunohistochemistry | No | 1 | |||
| 101 | IL | 1 | PL | 1 | Mice | PV-Cre | Male | 1 | 5 | 5 | Fear extinction | 1 | DREADDs | 1 | rAAV9-CAG-flox-PSAM-5HT3-WPRE; rAAV8-hSyn-DIO-hM3D(Gq)-mCherry; rAAV8-AAV-hSyn-DIO-hM4D(Gi)-mCherry | Inhibitory DREADD hM4D(Gi) into IL or PL + CNO delivery 20 min before behavior OR CAV2-Cre to IL (or PL) + inhibitory hM4D(Gi) into the PL (or IL) + CNO delivery 40 min before | Inhibiting at acquisition: PL = impairment of 24 h recall, IL = no effect. Inhibiting at extinction: PL= accelerates extinction, IL = suppresses extinction learning/role is 12-14 hours post fear learning, IL -> PL= suppresses extinction learning/functiona | Mukherjee & Caroni 2018 | Pico Caroni | 30.006.525 | Set shifting learning task | Yes, analysis of cFos induction in layer 2/3 neurons of PreL and IL 90 min after acquisition; images included | No | 1 | ||
| 102 | PL | 1 | IL | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 103 | CeA | 1 | BNST | 1 | Rats | Sprague–Dawley | Male | 1 | 6 | 7 | Elevated Plus Maze | 1 | Optogenetics | 1 | AAV5- hSyn- ChR2(H134R)- eYFP or AAV5- hSyn- eYFP (UNC Vector Core, Chapel Hill, NC, USA) | Blue light at 5 ms duration, 20 Hz, 8–12 mW photostimulation for 3 min OFF- 3 min ON | Photoactivation of CeA-dlBNST produces anxiogenic effects in elevated plus maze test | Yamauchi et al., 2018 | Masabumi Minami | 30.240.530 | Histology | Yes | 1 | |||
| 104 | DRN | 1 | LhB | 1 | Rats | Sprague–Dawley | Male | 1 | 8 | 16 | Chronic unpredictable stress | 1 | Optogenetics | 1 | AAV9-hSyn-ChR2-mCherry or AAV9-hSyn-eArch3.0-EYFP | Blue light for 10 ms at 20 Hz, 10-15 mW with four pulses at 3 s apart. Continous green light for 8 s followed by 2 s off period, 25–30 mW | Photostimulation of DRN–LHb projection alleviates the depressive-like behaviors while photoinhibition induces depressive-like behaviors | Zhang et al., 2018 | Jian-Guo Chen | 29.460.052 | Immunoflourensce | No | 1 | |||
| 105 | 0 | 0 | 0 | sucrose preference | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 106 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Forced swim test | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 107 | 0 | 0 | 0 | splash test | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Novelty suppressed feeding | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 109 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Open field test | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 110 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Elevated Plus Maze | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 111 | ACC | 1 | vHPC | 1 | Mice | C57 | Male | 1 | 11 | 13 | Fear conditioning | 1 | Optogenetics and DREADDs | 1 | AAV9)-hSyn-HA-hM4Di-IRES-mCitrine, AAV9-CaMKII_x005F-ChR2-EYFP, AAV9-CaMKII_x005F-hM3Dq-mCherry (PT-0049) | 0.5 mM CNO was infused at a flow rate of 0.15ul/min, the injection volume was 0.8ul per site 1 hour before behavior. Nlue light pulses of a 5 ms duration and 20 Hz during behavior. | Chemogenetic inhibition of ACC or vHPC decreases fear generalization while activiation increases fear generalization at recent time points. Inhibition of ACC - vHPC inhibits fear generalization at remote time points | Bian et al., 2019 | Dong-Ya Zhu | 31.097.621 | Locomotion | Histology | Yes | 1 | ||
| 112 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fear extinction | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 113 | DG | 1 | DLS | 1 | Mice | SST-IRES-Cre | Male | 1 | 6 | 7 | Open field test | 1 | Optogenetics | 1 | AV5-EF1a-DIO-eNpHR3.0-WPRE-hGH and AAV5-EF1a-DIO-hChR2(H134R)-eYFP-WPRE-hGH (University of Pennsylvania Vector Core) | 15–20 mW for 561 nm light and 8–10 mW for 473 nm blue light (5–6 mW when pulsing at 15 Hz) during ON periods. Open field (25 min) and tail suspension (15 min): 5 min OFF-ON pattern. Novelty suppressed feeding: constantly ON. Contextual fear conditioning: | Photoactivation of DLS SST-INs attenuates anxiety response in elevated plus maze | Photoinhibition of DLS SST-INs increases contextual fear responses. Photoactivation of DLS SST-INs reduces contextual fear responses. | Besnard et al., 2019 | Amar Sahay | 30.718.902 | Immunoflourensce | No | 1 | ||
| 114 | CA3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 115 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Elevated Plus Maze | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 116 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Novelty suppressed feeding | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 117 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fear conditioning | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 118 | PVT | 1 | CeL | 1 | Mice | C57 | Male | 1 | 8 | 20 | Elevated Plus Maze | 1 | Optogenetics | 1 | AAV-hSyn-hChR2-EGFP-WPRE-pA; rAAV-hSyn-EGFP-WPRE-pA | ChR2 @ 20 Hz, 5-ms light pulses at 20 Hz for light-on conditions OR LTD induction @ 15 min trains of 473-nm light | Photoactivation of the PVT->CeL pathway: No effect elevated plus maze test and the open field test | Photoactivation increases conditioned fear expression. Optogenetic long-term depression (LTD) in the CeL afferents attenuates learned fear and blocks the effect of increased freezing post chronic stress. | Chen & Bi 2019 | Lin-lin Bi | 30.406.427 | Yes, histological verification | No | 1 | ||
| 119 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Open field test | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 120 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fear conditioning | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 121 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Chronic stress | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 122 | Insula | 1 | CeA | 1 | Mice | C57 | Male | 1 | 5 | 13 | Elevated Plus Maze | 1 | Optogenetics | 1 | AAV2/5-Camk2a-hChR2(H134R)-eYFP, AAV2/5-Camk2a-eNpHR3.0-eYFP (UNC core) | Random intervals: 473 nm, 1 s, 20 Hz, 5-ms pulse width, 3–5 mW, minimum ISI = 4 s | Photoactivation of the pIC drives defensive and avoidance behavioral responses, and increased autonomic response. Photoinhibition of pIC increased time in open arms in plus maze. pIC photoactivation resulted in avoidance of open space in zero maze. These | Gehrlach et al., 2019 | Nadine Gogolla | 31.455.886 | Place preference, food consumption for internal state analysis | Histology | Yes | 1 | ||
| 123 | 0 | 0 | 0 | elevated zero maze | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 124 | PVT | 1 | mPFC | 1 | Mice | CaMKIIα-promoter-loxP-STOP-loxP-tTA (Tg2) and TetO-TeTX (Tg3) | Male and female | 1 | 5 | 9 | Forced swim test | 1 | DREADDs | 1 | AAV2-hSyn-HA-hM3D(Gq)-IRES-mCitrine, AAV2-hSyn-HA-h M4D(Gi)-IRES-mCitrine, and AAV8-hSyn-DIO-HA-hM3Dq(Gq)-IRES-mCitrine (UNC Core) | 3 µg/g body weight CNO 1 hour before behavior | Chemogenetic activation of PVT neurons increased activity and inhibition of PVT neurons decreased activity in wheel running. Inhibition in PVT neurons decreases immobility in forced swim test. | Kato et al., 2019 | Tadafumi Kato | 31.712.646 | Histology | No | 1 | |||
| 125 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Tail suspension | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 126 | 0 | 0 | 0 | wheel running | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 127 | VH | 1 | PL | 1 | Mice | C57 | Male | 1 | 7 | 11 | Fear conditioning | 1 | DREADDs | 1 | AAV-hSyn-DIO-hM3D(Gq)-mCherry (Addgene #44361-AAV2) | CAV-2-Cre in the PL + hM3D in the VH with CNO at 5 mg/kg 20 min before behavior | Chemogenetic activation attenuates fear renewal with no effect on fear expression | Vasquez et al., 2019 | I.A. Muzzio | 30.898.692 | Yes, histologically confirmed | No | 1 | |||
| 128 | Acx | 1 | lPAG | 1 | Mice | CaMKII-Cre | Male | 1 | 5 | 8 | Auditory-related defensive behaviors (Escape behavior test, running test, wall rearing test) | 1 | Optogenetics and DREADDs | 1 | rAAV-Ef1α-DIO-RVG-WPRE-pA and rAAV-Ef1α-DIO-EGFP-2a-TVA-WPRE-pA | ChR2 or NpHR@ 5–8 mW, 20 Hz, 10-millisecond pulses or yellow light 5–8 mW, constant light. Both with light for 10–20 seconds expect for wall rearing at 5 minutes. hDM4i with 3 mg/kg i.p. CNO 50 minutes before behavior. | Photostimulation of glutamatergic neurons in the ACx -> lPAG increased escape behavior. Photoinhibition or chemogenetic silencing of glutamatergic neurons in the ACx -> lPAG reduced escape behavior.ACx-> ICx -> lPAG pathway: chemogenetic inhibition of IC | Wang et al., 2019 | Zhi Zhang | 31.469.831 | Confirmed by electrophysiology | No | 1 | |||
| 129 | mSC | 1 | dlPAG | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 130 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Open field test | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 131 | vHPC | 1 | PL | 1 | Mice | C57 | Unknown | 1 | 14 | 24 | Open field test | 1 | DREADDs | 1 | AAV8-CaMKIIα-hM4D-mCherry into vHPC. CAV2-Cre in mPFC or LS and AAV8-hSyn-FLEX-hM3D or hM4D into the vHPC | IP CNO 20 min before all behavioral tests at 1 mg/kg dose for hM4D experiments or at 3 mg/kg dose for hM3D experiments | Chemogenetic inhibition of the vHPC decreases anxiety-like behaviors. Chemogenetic inhibition of LS-projecting vHPC cells increases while activation decreases anxiety-like behaviors. Chemogeneic inhibition of mPFC-projecting cells decreases while activati | Parfitt et al., 2017 | Jun Chul Kim | 28.294.135 | Yes, noted mice exhibiting low-level viral expression or viral expression outside the vHPC were excluded | No | 1 | |||
| 132 | 0 | LS | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 133 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Elevated Plus Maze | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 134 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Novelty suppressed feeding | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 135 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Successive alley test | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 136 | ACC | 1 | BLA | 1 | Mice | C57 | Male | 1 | 4 | 8 | Contextual fear conditioning | 1 | DREADDs | 1 | AAV8-CaMKIIa-134 hM4D(Gi)-mCherry virus (hM4D)-ACC | 5 mg/kg IP CNO 30 min before behavior or localized infusion of CNO, 0.2uL of 650uM at 0.1uL/min, 5 min before behavior | Chemogenetic silencing: of the ACC eliminates generalized fear at 28 days, of ACC -> BLA reduces generalized fear at recent and remote tests, of the vHPC: reduces generalized fear the remote test | Ortiz et al., 2019 | Aaron M. Jasnow | 31.209.172 | Yes, excluded unknown number for unilateral expression of hM4D within the ACC or vHPC or no expression within the vCA, one mouse was due to hM4D cell body expression exceeding boundaries of the ACC. No expression seen outside of the vHPC was reported. | No | 1 | |||
| 137 | vHPC | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 138 | vHPC | 1 | mPFC | 1 | Mice | 129SvevTac | Male | 1 | 6 | 10 | Elevated Plus Maze | 1 | Optogenetics | 1 | AAV5-CaMKIIa-hChR2(H134R)-mCherry: five injections at -3.10 and at -3.30 AP levels, at each AP level -five injection sites were ±2.90, -4.0; ±3.30, -3.60; ±3.30 -1.7; ±3.70, -3.2; ±3.70, -2.50 (ML and DV,respectively). | light stimulation @ 2, 4, 8, 20 Hz (465 + 473 nm at 8-11 mW) was delivered to vHPC terminals in the mPFC in 2-min epochs (OFF-ON-OFF-ON)465 nm at 5s (125 ms intertrial) pulses or 125ms sinusoids | 8 Hz oscillatory stimulation of vHPC->mPFC at increases avoidance behavior | Padilla-Coreano et al., 2019 | Joshua A. Gordon | 31.521.441 | Reported no observed somatic expression outside of the vHPC | No | 1 | |||
| 139 | dmPFC | 1 | vlPAG | 1 | Mice | CaMKII-Cre | Male | 1 | 5 | 7 | Contextual fear discrimination | 1 | Optogenetics | 1 | AV5-EF1a-DIO-hChR2(H134R)-EYFP or AAV9-FLEX-ArchT-GFP in the dmPFC; CAV2-Cre in the l/vlPAG and a Cre-dependent AAV encoding either ArchT or ChR2 in the dmPFC | 473 nm (8mW) at 5 ms light pulses at 10 Hz or continuous 593 nm (6mW) constant light | optogenetic activation of dmPFC -> vlPAG enhanced fear discrimination and inhibition enhanced fear generalization. Specific activation of the dmPFC->vlPAG reduced contextual freezing and specific inhibition prevented contextual fear discrimination | Rozeske et al., 2019 | Cyril Herry | 29.398.355 | Locomotion | Yes, noted confirmed | Yes | 1 | ||
| 140 | DRN | 1 | BLA | 1 | Mice | 5-HTT-Cre | Male and female | 1 | 8 | 11 | Fear conditioning | 1 | Optogenetics | 1 | AAV2-EF1a-DIO-hChR2(E123T/T159C)-EYFP (UNC Core) | Blue light at 10mW for 30 s during CS presentations or at 20 Hz (5 ms pulses) during behavior | Photoactivation during conditioning increases freezing during training and at retrival and during extinction increases freezing during retrival. | Sengupta et al., 2019 | Andrew Holmes | 31.204.082 | immunohistochemistry | Yes | 1 | |||
| 141 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fear extinction | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 142 | BLA | 1 | CeL | 1 | Mice | SOM or CRF-ires-Cre::Ai14 and SOM-ires-Cre Flp mice | Male | 1 | 9 | 26 | Fear conditioning | 1 | Optogenetics and DREADDs | 1 | CRF-ires-Cre::Ai14 mice with AAV-CamKIIαChR2-eYFP for ex vivo circuit dynamics (All UPenn or Addgene). CRF-ires-Cre::Ai14 mice A with AAV-CamKIIα-ChR2-eYFP and AAV-CamKIIα-hM4Di-mCherry in the BLA.Wildtype mice AAVrg-Cre into the CeA andAAV-hSyn-DIO-hM4D | oEPSC at 470 nm wavelength light across 5ms sweeps at varying intensities, CNO at 10 mg/ kg 30 min prior behavior | oEPSC stimulation in BLA to CeL CRF neurons models the endogenous response profile of bidirectional changes in CRF neurons that occur during fear learning and extinction. Chemogenetic silencing of BLA activity negates the bidirectional shifts in input bia | Hartley et al., 2019 | Yes, immunohistochemistry | Yes | 1 | |||||
| 143 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fear extinction | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 144 | LS | 1 | VTA | 1 | Mice | GAD2-ires-Cre and C57 | Male | 1 | 5 | 16 | Looming test | 1 | Optogenetics | 1 | AAV2/9-CaMKIIa-hChR2(H134R)-mCherry, AAV2/9-CaMKIIa:: eNpHR3.0-mCherry, AAV2/9-Ef1a:: DIO-hChR2(H134R)-mCherry, AAV2/9-Ef1a:: DIO-eNpHR3.0-mCherry | 593 nm yellow light laser with 5-8 mW (for soma stimulation) or 15-20 mW (for terminals stimulation) for 1 s before onset of the looming stimulus and continued until the looming was turned off. 2.5 s or 20 s blue light (60 Hz, 5 ms pulse duration, 5-8 mW) | VTA: Photoinhibition of VTA GAD2+ neurons results in higher latency back into the nest, lower speed, and shorter percentage of hiding time in the nest while photoactivation of VTA GAD2+ results in a decrease latency back into the nest, increase in speed, | Zhou et al., 2019 | Liping Wang | 31.202.540 | Electrophysiology and histology | Yes | 1 | |||
| 145 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 146 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| ∑ = 454 | ∑ = 788 |
